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ゆえに — “therefore, because of (formal cause)”

JLPT N1 Reference & Basis

A formal, almost philosophical way to state a cause-and-effect relationship

Noun (+ の) or plain-form clause + ゆえに states a formal cause — “because of X” or, placed at the start of a sentence, “therefore.” It has a philosophical, almost archaic register (famously in デカルトの「我思う、ゆえに我あり」, “I think, therefore I am”), and is common in academic and legal writing.

How to form it

PatternExample
Noun + ゆえに貧しさゆえに、進学を諦めた — Because of poverty, he gave up on further education
Sentence-initialゆえに、この仮説は正しいと言える — Therefore, this hypothesis can be said to be correct

Example sentences

JapaneseReadingMeaning
わかさゆえのあやまちだった。
wakasayuenoayamachidatta。
It was a mistake born of youth.
かれはしょうじきものであるがゆえに、そんをすることもある。
karehashoujikimonodearugayueni、sonwosurukotomoaru。
Because he's an honest person, he sometimes loses out.
われおもう、ゆえにわれあり。
wareomou、yueniwareari。
I think, therefore I am.

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Watch out

ゆえに is formal/literary — in everyday speech, だから or ので covers the same ground; save ゆえに for essays, formal writing, or deliberately weighty statements.

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