閉じる (tojiru) conjugation
to close (e.g., book, eyes), to shut
閉じる (とじる, tojiru) is an ichidan verb. Ichidan verbs are the tidy ones: drop the final る and add the ending. Nothing inside the word ever changes. Every form below is tappable — hear it, then say it back.
Conjugation table
| Form | Plain (casual) | Polite (~ます) | When you use it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dictionary / plain | 閉じる tojiru | 閉じます tojimasu | The form you look up. Also the casual present and future. |
| Plain negative | 閉じない tojinai | 閉じません tojimasen | “doesn’t / won’t”. From here it conjugates like an i-adjective. |
| Plain past | 閉じた tojita | 閉じました tojimashita | The casual past — same ending as the te-form, with た/だ. |
| Plain past negative | 閉じなかった tojinakatta | 閉じませんでした tojimasendeshita | “didn’t”. The negative past, still i-adjective-shaped. |
| Te-form | 閉じて tojite | — | The connector: requests, linking clauses, ~ている. |
| Progressive (~ている) | 閉じている tojiteiru | 閉じています tojiteimasu | “is ~ing”, or an ongoing resulting state. |
| Desire (~たい) | 閉じたい tojitai | 閉じたいです tojitaidesu | “want to ~”. Behaves as an i-adjective. |
| Volitional | 閉じよう tojiyou | 閉じましょう tojimashou | “let’s ~” / “I think I’ll ~”. |
| Potential | 閉じられる tojirareru | 閉じられます tojiraremasu | “can ~”. What you could do; the object often takes が. |
| Passive | 閉じられる tojirareru | 閉じられます tojiraremasu | “is ~ed”. Also the honorific and the suffering passive. |
| Causative | 閉じさせる tojisaseru | 閉じさせます tojisasemasu | Make or let someone do it. |
| Causative-passive | 閉じさせられる tojisaserareru | 閉じさせられます tojisaseraremasu | Be made to do it — the long one. |
| Imperative | 閉じろ tojiro | 閉じてください tojitekudasai | Blunt order. Use ~てください in real life. |
| Prohibitive | 閉じるな tojiruna | — | “don’t!” — dictionary form + な. |
| Conditional (~ば) | 閉じれば tojireba | — | “if ~”. General rules and hypotheticals. |
| Conditional (~たら) | 閉じたら tojitara | — | “if / when ~”. The everyday conditional. |
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Why it conjugates this way
Ichidan verbs are the tidy ones: drop the final る and add the ending. Nothing inside the word ever changes.
See the full rules on the verb conjugation guide.