囲む (kakomu) conjugation
to surround, to encircle
囲む (かこむ, kakomu) is a godan verb. Godan verbs change their final kana up and down its column of the kana chart — the a-row for negatives, the i-row before ます, the e-row for potential and ば. Every form below is tappable — hear it, then say it back.
Conjugation table
| Form | Plain (casual) | Polite (~ます) | When you use it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dictionary / plain | 囲む kakomu | 囲みます kakomimasu | The form you look up. Also the casual present and future. |
| Plain negative | 囲まない kakomanai | 囲みません kakomimasen | “doesn’t / won’t”. From here it conjugates like an i-adjective. |
| Plain past | 囲んだ kakonda | 囲みました kakomimashita | The casual past — same ending as the te-form, with た/だ. |
| Plain past negative | 囲まなかった kakomanakatta | 囲みませんでした kakomimasendeshita | “didn’t”. The negative past, still i-adjective-shaped. |
| Te-form | 囲んで kakonde | — | The connector: requests, linking clauses, ~ている. |
| Progressive (~ている) | 囲んでいる kakondeiru | 囲んでいます kakondeimasu | “is ~ing”, or an ongoing resulting state. |
| Desire (~たい) | 囲みたい kakomitai | 囲みたいです kakomitaidesu | “want to ~”. Behaves as an i-adjective. |
| Volitional | 囲もう kakomou | 囲みましょう kakomimashou | “let’s ~” / “I think I’ll ~”. |
| Potential | 囲める kakomeru | 囲めます kakomemasu | “can ~”. What you could do; the object often takes が. |
| Passive | 囲まれる kakomareru | 囲まれます kakomaremasu | “is ~ed”. Also the honorific and the suffering passive. |
| Causative | 囲ませる kakomaseru | 囲ませます kakomasemasu | Make or let someone do it. |
| Causative-passive | 囲まされる kakomasareru | 囲まされます kakomasaremasu | Be made to do it — the long one. |
| Imperative | 囲め kakome | 囲んでください kakondekudasai | Blunt order. Use ~てください in real life. |
| Prohibitive | 囲むな kakomuna | — | “don’t!” — dictionary form + な. |
| Conditional (~ば) | 囲めば kakomeba | — | “if ~”. General rules and hypotheticals. |
| Conditional (~たら) | 囲んだら kakondara | — | “if / when ~”. The everyday conditional. |
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Why it conjugates this way
Godan verbs change their final kana up and down its column of the kana chart — the a-row for negatives, the i-row before ます, the e-row for potential and ば.
See the full rules on the verb conjugation guide.