開く (hiraku) conjugation
to open; to hold (an event)
開く (ひらく, hiraku) is a godan verb. Godan verbs change their final kana up and down its column of the kana chart — the a-row for negatives, the i-row before ます, the e-row for potential and ば. Every form below is tappable — hear it, then say it back.
Conjugation table
| Form | Plain (casual) | Polite (~ます) | When you use it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dictionary / plain | 開く hiraku | 開きます hirakimasu | The form you look up. Also the casual present and future. |
| Plain negative | 開かない hirakanai | 開きません hirakimasen | “doesn’t / won’t”. From here it conjugates like an i-adjective. |
| Plain past | 開いた hiraita | 開きました hirakimashita | The casual past — same ending as the te-form, with た/だ. |
| Plain past negative | 開かなかった hirakanakatta | 開きませんでした hirakimasendeshita | “didn’t”. The negative past, still i-adjective-shaped. |
| Te-form | 開いて hiraite | — | The connector: requests, linking clauses, ~ている. |
| Progressive (~ている) | 開いている hiraiteiru | 開いています hiraiteimasu | “is ~ing”, or an ongoing resulting state. |
| Desire (~たい) | 開きたい hirakitai | 開きたいです hirakitaidesu | “want to ~”. Behaves as an i-adjective. |
| Volitional | 開こう hirakou | 開きましょう hirakimashou | “let’s ~” / “I think I’ll ~”. |
| Potential | 開ける hirakeru | 開けます hirakemasu | “can ~”. What you could do; the object often takes が. |
| Passive | 開かれる hirakareru | 開かれます hirakaremasu | “is ~ed”. Also the honorific and the suffering passive. |
| Causative | 開かせる hirakaseru | 開かせます hirakasemasu | Make or let someone do it. |
| Causative-passive | 開かされる hirakasareru | 開かされます hirakasaremasu | Be made to do it — the long one. |
| Imperative | 開け hirake | 開いてください hiraitekudasai | Blunt order. Use ~てください in real life. |
| Prohibitive | 開くな hirakuna | — | “don’t!” — dictionary form + な. |
| Conditional (~ば) | 開けば hirakeba | — | “if ~”. General rules and hypotheticals. |
| Conditional (~たら) | 開いたら hiraitara | — | “if / when ~”. The everyday conditional. |
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Why it conjugates this way
Godan verbs change their final kana up and down its column of the kana chart — the a-row for negatives, the i-row before ます, the e-row for potential and ば.
See the full rules on the verb conjugation guide.