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〜ようだ / 〜みたい — “seems, looks like” (inference)

JLPT N4 Hearsay & Appearance

A conclusion from what you can see or sense: 雨が降ったようだ — it looks like it rained

〜ようだ (formal/written) and its casual equivalent みたい state a conclusion drawn from direct evidence — a wet street, a sound, a half-remembered feeling — rather than pure guesswork. みたい attaches directly to nouns and na-adjectives with no な, unlike ような.

How to form it

PatternExample
Plain form + ようだ道が濡れている → 雨が降ったようだ — it looks like it rained
Plain form + みたい (casual)彼、疲れてるみたい — he seems tired

Example sentences

JapaneseReadingMeaning
みちがぬれている。あめがふったようだ。
michiganureteiru。amegafuttayouda。
The road is wet. It looks like it rained.
となりのへや、だれかいるみたい。
tonarinoheya、darekairumitai。
It seems like someone's in the next room.
かれはこのことをしらないようだ。
karehakonokotowoshiranaiyouda。
He doesn't seem to know about this.

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Watch out

ような/みたいな before a noun (like 天使のような声, an angel-like voice) is the simile use, not this inference use — the two functions look almost identical and are told apart only by whether evidence or comparison is being expressed.

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