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〜に応じて — “according to, depending on”

JLPT N2 Reference & Basis

Adjusting to fit a factor: 収入に応じて税金が変わる — tax varies according to income

Noun + に応じて shows that something is adjusted, scaled, or determined in response to a varying factor — “according to X” or “depending on X.” It implies an active matching or adapting, unlike the more neutral によって.

How to form it

PatternExample
Noun + に応じて収入に応じて — according to (one's) income
Noun + に応じた + nounレベルに応じた練習 — training suited to one's level

Example sentences

JapaneseReadingMeaning
しゅうにゅうにおうじてぜいきんのがくがかわります。
shuunyuunioujitezeikinnogakugakawarimasu。
The tax amount changes according to income.
おきゃくさまのにーずにおうじてたいおういたします。
okyakusamanoni-zunioujitetaiouitashimasu。
We respond according to the customer's needs.
れべるにおうじたくらすにわかれています。
reberunioujitakurasuniwakareteimasu。
Classes are divided according to level.

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Watch out

に応じて implies active adjustment to match a factor — for a simple, neutral cause (“by means of X” or “due to X”), によって is the more natural choice instead.

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