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〜なければならない — “must / have to”

JLPT N4 Obligation & Permission

Obligation: 行かなければならない — (I) have to go

To say you have to do something, take the ない-form, drop the い, and add ければならない (or the softer 〜なきゃ in speech). Literally it's a double negative — “if you don't do it, it won't do” — but it just means “must”.

How to form it

PatternExample
〜ない → 〜なければならない行かない → 行かなければならない — must go
Polite ending〜なければなりません
Casual contractions行かなきゃ / 行かないと — gotta go

Example sentences

JapaneseReadingMeaning
あしたははやくおきなければなりません。
ashitahahayakuokinakerebanarimasen。
I have to get up early tomorrow.
くすりをのまなければならない。
kusuriwonomanakerebanaranai。
I have to take my medicine.
もういかなきゃ。
mouikanakya。
I've gotta go now.

🔊 Tap any Japanese sentence to hear it; kanji link to their study pages.

Watch out

It's a mouthful; in real conversation people almost always shorten it to 〜なきゃ(いけない) or 〜ないと. Learn the full form for writing and exams, but expect to hear the contractions.

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