凌ぐ (shinogu) conjugation
to outdo, to surpass; to endure
凌ぐ (しのぐ, shinogu) is a godan verb. Godan verbs change their final kana up and down its column of the kana chart — the a-row for negatives, the i-row before ます, the e-row for potential and ば. Every form below is tappable — hear it, then say it back.
Conjugation table
| Form | Plain (casual) | Polite (~ます) | When you use it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dictionary / plain | 凌ぐ shinogu | 凌ぎます shinogimasu | The form you look up. Also the casual present and future. |
| Plain negative | 凌がない shinoganai | 凌ぎません shinogimasen | “doesn’t / won’t”. From here it conjugates like an i-adjective. |
| Plain past | 凌いだ shinoida | 凌ぎました shinogimashita | The casual past — same ending as the te-form, with た/だ. |
| Plain past negative | 凌がなかった shinoganakatta | 凌ぎませんでした shinogimasendeshita | “didn’t”. The negative past, still i-adjective-shaped. |
| Te-form | 凌いで shinoide | — | The connector: requests, linking clauses, ~ている. |
| Progressive (~ている) | 凌いでいる shinoideiru | 凌いでいます shinoideimasu | “is ~ing”, or an ongoing resulting state. |
| Desire (~たい) | 凌ぎたい shinogitai | 凌ぎたいです shinogitaidesu | “want to ~”. Behaves as an i-adjective. |
| Volitional | 凌ごう shinogou | 凌ぎましょう shinogimashou | “let’s ~” / “I think I’ll ~”. |
| Potential | 凌げる shinogeru | 凌げます shinogemasu | “can ~”. What you could do; the object often takes が. |
| Passive | 凌がれる shinogareru | 凌がれます shinogaremasu | “is ~ed”. Also the honorific and the suffering passive. |
| Causative | 凌がせる shinogaseru | 凌がせます shinogasemasu | Make or let someone do it. |
| Causative-passive | 凌がされる shinogasareru | 凌がされます shinogasaremasu | Be made to do it — the long one. |
| Imperative | 凌げ shinoge | 凌いでください shinoidekudasai | Blunt order. Use ~てください in real life. |
| Prohibitive | 凌ぐな shinoguna | — | “don’t!” — dictionary form + な. |
| Conditional (~ば) | 凌げば shinogeba | — | “if ~”. General rules and hypotheticals. |
| Conditional (~たら) | 凌いだら shinoidara | — | “if / when ~”. The everyday conditional. |
🔊 Tap any Japanese word to hear it spoken.
Why it conjugates this way
Godan verbs change their final kana up and down its column of the kana chart — the a-row for negatives, the i-row before ます, the e-row for potential and ば.
See the full rules on the verb conjugation guide.