驚く (odoroku) conjugation
to be surprised, to be astonished
驚く (おどろく, odoroku) is a godan verb. Godan verbs change their final kana up and down its column of the kana chart — the a-row for negatives, the i-row before ます, the e-row for potential and ば. Every form below is tappable — hear it, then say it back.
Conjugation table
| Form | Plain (casual) | Polite (~ます) | When you use it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dictionary / plain | 驚く odoroku | 驚きます odorokimasu | The form you look up. Also the casual present and future. |
| Plain negative | 驚かない odorokanai | 驚きません odorokimasen | “doesn’t / won’t”. From here it conjugates like an i-adjective. |
| Plain past | 驚いた odoroita | 驚きました odorokimashita | The casual past — same ending as the te-form, with た/だ. |
| Plain past negative | 驚かなかった odorokanakatta | 驚きませんでした odorokimasendeshita | “didn’t”. The negative past, still i-adjective-shaped. |
| Te-form | 驚いて odoroite | — | The connector: requests, linking clauses, ~ている. |
| Progressive (~ている) | 驚いている odoroiteiru | 驚いています odoroiteimasu | “is ~ing”, or an ongoing resulting state. |
| Desire (~たい) | 驚きたい odorokitai | 驚きたいです odorokitaidesu | “want to ~”. Behaves as an i-adjective. |
| Volitional | 驚こう odorokou | 驚きましょう odorokimashou | “let’s ~” / “I think I’ll ~”. |
| Potential | 驚ける odorokeru | 驚けます odorokemasu | “can ~”. What you could do; the object often takes が. |
| Passive | 驚かれる odorokareru | 驚かれます odorokaremasu | “is ~ed”. Also the honorific and the suffering passive. |
| Causative | 驚かせる odorokaseru | 驚かせます odorokasemasu | Make or let someone do it. |
| Causative-passive | 驚かされる odorokasareru | 驚かされます odorokasaremasu | Be made to do it — the long one. |
| Imperative | 驚け odoroke | 驚いてください odoroitekudasai | Blunt order. Use ~てください in real life. |
| Prohibitive | 驚くな odorokuna | — | “don’t!” — dictionary form + な. |
| Conditional (~ば) | 驚けば odorokeba | — | “if ~”. General rules and hypotheticals. |
| Conditional (~たら) | 驚いたら odoroitara | — | “if / when ~”. The everyday conditional. |
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Why it conjugates this way
Godan verbs change their final kana up and down its column of the kana chart — the a-row for negatives, the i-row before ます, the e-row for potential and ば.
See the full rules on the verb conjugation guide.