勝る (masaru) conjugation
to excel, to surpass, to out-rival
勝る (まさる, masaru) is a godan verb. Godan verbs change their final kana up and down its column of the kana chart — the a-row for negatives, the i-row before ます, the e-row for potential and ば. Every form below is tappable — hear it, then say it back.
Conjugation table
| Form | Plain (casual) | Polite (~ます) | When you use it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dictionary / plain | 勝る masaru | 勝ります masarimasu | The form you look up. Also the casual present and future. |
| Plain negative | 勝らない masaranai | 勝りません masarimasen | “doesn’t / won’t”. From here it conjugates like an i-adjective. |
| Plain past | 勝った masatta | 勝りました masarimashita | The casual past — same ending as the te-form, with た/だ. |
| Plain past negative | 勝らなかった masaranakatta | 勝りませんでした masarimasendeshita | “didn’t”. The negative past, still i-adjective-shaped. |
| Te-form | 勝って masatte | — | The connector: requests, linking clauses, ~ている. |
| Progressive (~ている) | 勝っている masatteiru | 勝っています masatteimasu | “is ~ing”, or an ongoing resulting state. |
| Desire (~たい) | 勝りたい masaritai | 勝りたいです masaritaidesu | “want to ~”. Behaves as an i-adjective. |
| Volitional | 勝ろう masarou | 勝りましょう masarimashou | “let’s ~” / “I think I’ll ~”. |
| Potential | 勝れる masareru | 勝れます masaremasu | “can ~”. What you could do; the object often takes が. |
| Passive | 勝られる masarareru | 勝られます masararemasu | “is ~ed”. Also the honorific and the suffering passive. |
| Causative | 勝らせる masaraseru | 勝らせます masarasemasu | Make or let someone do it. |
| Causative-passive | 勝らされる masarasareru | 勝らされます masarasaremasu | Be made to do it — the long one. |
| Imperative | 勝れ masare | 勝ってください masattekudasai | Blunt order. Use ~てください in real life. |
| Prohibitive | 勝るな masaruna | — | “don’t!” — dictionary form + な. |
| Conditional (~ば) | 勝れば masareba | — | “if ~”. General rules and hypotheticals. |
| Conditional (~たら) | 勝ったら masattara | — | “if / when ~”. The everyday conditional. |
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Why it conjugates this way
Godan verbs change their final kana up and down its column of the kana chart — the a-row for negatives, the i-row before ます, the e-row for potential and ば.
See the full rules on the verb conjugation guide.