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なくして(は) — “without X, (Y wouldn't be possible)”

JLPT N2 No Choice & Difficulty

States that one essential thing is the indispensable foundation for another

Noun + なくして(は) states that without a particular essential thing, the following (usually positive) result simply wouldn't be possible — “without X, there's no Y.” It's formal and often used to praise the importance of something by showing what falls apart without it.

How to form it

PatternExample
Noun + なくして(は)努力なくして成功はない — Without effort, there is no success

Example sentences

JapaneseReadingMeaning
みなさまのごきょうりょくなくして、このぷろじぇくとのせいこうはありませんでした。
minasamanogokyouryokunakushite、konopurojiekutonoseikouhaarimasendeshita。
Without everyone's cooperation, this project's success wouldn't have happened.
あいなくして、ほんとうのしあわせはない。
ainakushite、hontounoshiawasehanai。
Without love, there's no true happiness.
しんらいかんけいなくしては、よいちーむはつくれない。
shinraikankeinakushiteha、yoichi-muhatsukurenai。
Without a relationship of trust, you can't build a good team.

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Watch out

なくして is formal and mostly written — the everyday spoken equivalent is がなければ (もし〜がなければ), so save なくして for speeches, formal writing, and dramatic emphasis.

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