悲惨 (hisan) conjugation
tragedy, disaster; misery, wretched, pitiful
悲惨 (ひさん, hisan) is a na-adjective. Na-adjectives behave like nouns. The word itself never changes — you conjugate だ/です after it, and you need な to put it in front of a noun.
Conjugation table
| Form | Plain (casual) | Polite (~です) | When you use it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dictionary / plain | 悲惨だ hisanda | 悲惨です hisandesu | The form you look up. Also the casual “is ~”. |
| Negative | 悲惨じゃない hisanjanai | 悲惨じゃないです hisanjanaidesu | “is not ~”. |
| Past | 悲惨だった hisandatta | 悲惨でした hisandeshita | “was ~”. |
| Past negative | 悲惨じゃなかった hisanjanakatta | 悲惨じゃなかったです hisanjanakattadesu | “was not ~”. |
| Te-form | 悲惨で hisande | — | Links to the next clause: “~ and …”. |
| Adverb | 悲惨に hisanni | — | Turns it into “~ly”, describing a verb. |
| Before a noun | 悲惨な〜 hisanna〜 | — | How it attaches when it modifies a noun. |
| Conditional (~ば/なら) | 悲惨なら hisannara | — | “if it is ~”. |
| Conditional (~たら) | 悲惨だったら hisandattara | — | “if / when it is ~”. The everyday conditional. |
| Become (~なる) | 悲惨になる hisanninaru | 悲惨になります hisanninarimasu | “becomes ~” — the change-of-state form. |
| Too much (~すぎる) | 悲惨すぎる hisansugiru | 悲惨すぎます hisansugimasu | “too ~”. |
| Looks ~ (~そう) | 悲惨そう hisansou | 悲惨そうです hisansoudesu | “looks / seems ~” from appearance. |
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Why it conjugates this way
Na-adjectives behave like nouns. The word itself never changes — you conjugate だ/です after it, and you need な to put it in front of a noun.
See the full rules in the adjective conjugation guide.